Cochran-Armitage Test

Objective The Cochran-Armitage test is used to test whether there is a linear trend when the response is binary. This test is used with data in the form of a contingency table, such as that described in Independence Testing, where there are only two data rows and we suspect (or hope) that the columns are … Read More

Real Statistics Release 7.4

I am pleased to announce Release 7.4 of the Real Statistics Resource Pack. The new release is now available for free download at Download Resource Pack for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 and 365 in both Windows and Mac environments.  The Basics, Regression 1, Distributions, Multivariate examples workbooks are being updated for compatibility with the new … Read More

Simulation Chi-square Test

Basic Concepts In cases where the Fisher exact test is desirable, but where the exact test is not feasible, you can use an approach based on Monte Carlo simulation, which we will call a quasi-exact test. In addition to obtaining an estimated p-value, you can also obtain a standard error and confidence interval. The basic … Read More

Real Statistics Release 7.3

I am pleased to announce Release 7.3 of the Real Statistics Resource Pack. The new release is now available for free download at Download Resource Pack for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 and 365 in both Windows and Mac environments.  The Basics, ANOVA 1,  ANOVA 2, Correlation/Reliability and Distributions examples workbooks have also been updated for … Read More

Real Statistics Release 7.2

I am pleased to announce Release 7.2 of the Real Statistics Resource Pack. The new release is now available for free download at Download Resource Pack for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 and 365 in both Windows and Mac environments.  Over the course of the next several days, the website will be updated for compatibility with … Read More

Nominal-Ordinal Chi-square Test

In Independence Testing, we describe how to perform testing for contingency tables where both factors are nominal. In Ordered Chi-square Testing for Independence, we describe how to perform similar testing when both factors are ordinal. On this webpage, we consider the case where one factor is nominal and the other is ordinal. Example Example 1: … Read More

Real Statistics Release 7.1

I am pleased to announce Release 7.1 of the Real Statistics Resource Pack. The new release is now available for free download at Download Resource Pack for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 and 365 in both Windows and Mac environments.  Over the course of the next several days, the website will be updated for compatibility … Read More

McNemar-Bowker Test

Basic Concepts Given n subjects, each of whom is given two treatments where the result of each treatment is assigned one of k categories (including the case where there is only one treatment but each subject is in one of k categories prior to treatment and one of the same categories after the treatment). This … Read More

Real Statistics Release 6.3

I am pleased to announce Release 6.3 of the Real Statistics Resource Pack. The new release is now available for free download at Download Resource Pack for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, 365 in Windows and Mac environments. The Basics, Distribution, Non-parametric, Regression 1, Multivariate and Time Series examples workbooks have also been revised for compatibility with … Read More

Chi-square Post-hoc Functions

After a significant result from the Chi-square independence test, as described at Independence Testing Follow-up, you can perform follow-up tests to pinpoint the source of the significant result. The approaches used are somewhat similar to the use of contrasts after ANOVA. Post-hoc worksheet functions The following Real Statistics array function is available to assist in … Read More