Measures of Central Tendency

Basic Concepts We consider a random variable x and a data set S = {x1, x2, …, xn} of size n which contains values for the random variable x. The data in S can represent either a population being studied or a sample drawn from such a population. We can also view the data as defining a … Read More

Real Statistics Release 9.2.1

I am pleased to announce Release 9.2.1 of the Real Statistics Resource Pack. The new release is now available for free download at Download Resource Pack for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2021, and 365 Windows and Mac environments.  I want to thank everyone who has made suggestions or has identified errors in the website or … Read More

Real Statistics Release 9.1

I am pleased to announce Release 9.1 of the Real Statistics Resource Pack. The new release is now available for free download at Download Resource Pack for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2021, and 365 Windows and Mac environments.  I want to thank everyone who has made suggestions or has identified errors in the website … Read More

Real Statistics Release 8.7

I am pleased to announce Release 8.7 of the Real Statistics Resource Pack. The new release is now available for free download at Download Resource Pack for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2021, and 365 in both Windows and Mac environments. The primary focus of this release is the addition of new non-parametric tests. . The … Read More

Real Statistics Release 8.6

I am pleased to announce Release 8.6 of the Real Statistics Resource Pack. The new release is now available for free download at Download Resource Pack for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2021, and 365 in both Windows and Mac environments. The following is an overview of the new features in Release 8.6. . LOESS … Read More

Goodness-of-Fit to a Distribution

Fitting data to a distribution We can also apply the chi-square goodness of fit test (both the Pearson’s and maximum likelihood versions) to determine whether observed data fit a certain distribution (or curve). For this purpose, we employ the following modified version of Property 1 or 2 of Goodness of Fit. Property 1: Where there are … Read More

Real Statistics Descriptive Statistics and Reformatting Functions

The following is a summary of worksheet functions provided in the Real Statistics Resource Pack that pertain to descriptive statistics and reformatting of data. Some other miscellaneous functions are also included. These functions are organized into the following categories: Descriptive statistics Divergence Frequency tables Descriptive statistics for frequency tables Box-Cox transformation Counts Sorting and eliminating … Read More

Real Statistics Non-Parametric Test Functions

The following is a summary of worksheet functions provided in the Real Statistics Resource Pack that support non-parametric tests.  These functions are organized into the following categories: Chi-square tests Other non-parametric tests Other non-parametric tests (array functions) Runs tests Power and sample size for non-parametric tests Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Lilliefors functions Anderson-Darling test Other Goodness-of-Fit tests … Read More

Real Statistics Distribution Functions

The following is a summary of worksheet functions provided in the Real Statistics Resource Pack that support probability distributions. These include functions that carry out parametric tests. These functions are organized into the following categories: Normal distribution t distribution Chi-square and F distributions Coefficient of variation Noncentral distribution functions Statistical power functions Sample size functions … Read More

Correlation and Reliability Functions

The following is a summary of the correlation and reliability functions worksheet functions provided in the Real Statistics Resource Pack. These functions are organized into the following categories: Covariance and Correlation Association Interrater Reliability Internal Consistency Reliability Partitioning Bradley-Terry Model Testing Theory (Item Analysis and Item Response) Statistical Power Sample Size Covariance and Correlation COVARP(R1, … Read More